The Meaning of the Letter “G” in Scottish Freemasonry
Among the many symbols found in the rich tapestry of Freemasonry, few invite as much curiosity—and as much reverence—as the letter “G.” Nestled within the iconic Square and Compasses, particularly in American Freemasonry but known and respected in jurisdictions around the world, this single letter holds layers of profound meaning. In Scottish Freemasonry, as in the wider Craft, the letter “G” serves as a reminder of both spiritual truth and intellectual pursuit—the twin pillars upon which our fraternity rests.
Primarily, the “G” is understood to stand for God, the Great Architect of the Universe, in whose presence all Masons meet on the level. It calls us to reverence, humility, and faith, acknowledging that no structure – physical or moral – can stand without a divine foundation.
Equally, the “G” represents Geometry, the sacred science at the heart of stonemasonry, through which operative Masons once shaped the cathedrals of Europe. In a speculative sense, it reminds us that just as the physical universe is ordered by natural laws, so too should our lives be guided by principle, proportion, and purpose.
Thus, the letter “G” remains a timeless emblem – uniting belief, discipline, and design in one enduring symbol of the Masonic journey.
Gimel
(Hebrew)
Gamma
(Greek)
Gammal
(Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac)
An Ancient Symbol with Enduring Power
The origin of the letter “G” in Masonic symbolism is not easily pinned to a single moment in history. Its presence within the Square and Compasses appears to have gained popularity in the mid-18th century, particularly in North American jurisdictions. However, the roots of the letter itself trace back much further, through the sands of time and the development of ancient alphabets:
-
Hebrew: Gimel
-
Greek: Gamma
-
Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac: Gammal / Gamal
In the Hebrew tradition, Gimel is the third letter of the alphabet and holds the numerical value of three—a number historically associated with divinity, balance, and sacred structure. In many mystical traditions, the number three echoes the divine triad and serves as a metaphor for harmony and completeness.
Geometry: The Foundation of the Craft
One of the most widely accepted interpretations of the letter “G” in Freemasonry is its reference to Geometry—the ancient and sacred science that not only guided the operative stonemasons of old but continues to shape the spiritual and moral architecture of the modern Mason. Geometry was, and remains, far more than a mathematical discipline; it is seen as a divine language, revealing the order, proportion, and beauty inherent in both the natural world and the human soul.
In the traditions of the Craft, Geometry represents balance, harmony, and the design of the Creator. Just as the operative mason used its principles to raise cathedrals and temples that stood the test of time, the Speculative Mason is charged with using Geometry to build a life grounded in virtue, discipline, and thoughtful design.
Masonic teachings use allegory and metaphor to encourage the application of these laws to moral development – reminding us that as stones must be squared, measured, and fit for the structure, so too must our actions, intentions, and choices be refined to fit within the spiritual edifice we construct throughout life.
Geometry, therefore, stands not just as a tool – but as the very foundation of the Craft.
God: The Grand Geometrician of the Universe
Equally central to the Masonic interpretation of the letter “G” is its reference to God, whom we reverently call the Grand Geometrician of the Universe. This title beautifully encapsulates Freemasonry’s spiritual dimension, portraying God as the divine architect who brings order, balance, and meaning to the cosmos. It is a name that resonates across traditions, allowing Freemasonry to remain open and respectful to men of all religious backgrounds who profess belief in a Supreme Being.
In Scottish Freemasonry, as in the wider Craft, the emphasis is not on defining God, but on encouraging personal reverence, reflection, and accountability. The letter “G” serves as a silent yet ever-present emblem within the lodge, reminding brethren that all their thoughts, words, and deeds are observed by that eternal Presence. It is both a comfort and a call to higher moral conduct.
This spiritual symbolism is especially profound in the Second Degree tracing board. In the accompanying lecture, the Grand Geometrician is invoked as the source of moral guidance and enlightenment, encouraging Masons to continue their journey of self-improvement. The geometry depicted on the board serves not merely as an academic study, but as a metaphor for spiritual order – urging every Mason to align his life in accordance with divine wisdom and virtue.
Symbolism That Transcends Time
The beauty of Freemasonry lies in its layers—its symbols often bear multiple meanings, each interwoven with the lessons of the Craft. The letter “G” is no exception. It may stand for Geometry, God, or Gnosis—the pursuit of knowledge. It represents not only the intellectual rigor of the Craft but also the spiritual depth that underlies our journey.
Even though the letter “G” does not appear universally in every Masonic jurisdiction or within every Lodge in Scotland, its symbolic power is respected and understood by all who study the deeper meanings of Freemasonry.
A Constant Companion on the Masonic Path
Whether seen engraved in stone, embroidered into regalia, or emblazoned on a Lodge’s emblem, the letter “G” serves as a compass for the heart and mind of every Freemason. It is a call to remember our higher purpose, to live by the square of virtue, and to build with the tools of intellect and faith.
In a world ever changing, the meanings behind our ancient symbols remain timeless—and the letter “G” stands quietly at their center, urging each of us to build better, think deeper, and live nobler lives.
In Brotherhood and Light,
The Provincial Grand Lodge of Aberdeenshire East
To learn more about the symbols of the Craft and their role in Scottish Freemasonry, visit our page, [The Symbols of Scottish Freemasonry].
Contact the Provincial Grand Secretary
Alexander Burgess
4 Broomhill
Fraserburgh
AB43 9TU
Tel: 07547 624835
email:[email protected]